第20节:错误Error
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合约中发生错误时,整个交易状态都会进行回滚,一共有三个错误处理方式,具体如下:
require:一般用于参数有效性校验,最常用。消耗的gas不会退回,剩余的gas退回;(条件为真,继续向下执行)
revert:与require类似,适用于校验条件复杂时使用;
assert:用于断言绝对不改出错的地方,注意:(条件为真,继续向下执行)
- 一般用于程序异常处理,触发了assert意味着存在bug;
- 不提供错误信息;
0.8.0之前,Asset会消耗掉所有提供的gaslimit,剩余的gas也不会返回。 (0.8.0之后已经不会再消耗了)
其他相关:
- 也可以自定义error,可以节约gas
- 错误消息的长度会影响:
- gas消耗数量
- 单个合约的大小
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;
contract Error {
function testRequire(uint _i) public pure {
// 期待_i > 10,如果i <= 10,则会抛出错误
require(_i > 10, "Input must be greater than 10");
}
function testRevert(uint _i) public pure {
// 如果校验条件过于复杂,则可以使用revert
if (_i <= 10) {
revert("Input must be greater than 10");
}
}
uint public num;
function testAssert() public view {
// assert用于校验不可变量,一般用于校验内部错误
// num == 0 为true时继续向下执行
// 不提供错误信息
assert(num == 0);
}
// custom error
error InsufficientBalance(uint balance, uint withdrawAmount);
function testCustomError(uint _withdrawAmount) public view {
uint bal = address(this).balance;
if (bal < _withdrawAmount) {
revert InsufficientBalance({balance: bal, withdrawAmount: _withdrawAmount});
}
}
}
另一个示例:
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;
contract Account {
uint public balance;
uint public constant MAX_UINT = 2**256 - 1;
function deposit(uint _amount) public {
uint oldBalance = balance;
uint newBalance = balance + _amount;
// balance + _amount does not overflow if balance + _amount >= balance
require(newBalance >= oldBalance, "Overflow");
balance = newBalance;
assert(balance >= oldBalance);
}
function withdraw(uint _amount) public {
uint oldBalance = balance;
// balance - _amount does not underflow if balance >= _amount
require(balance >= _amount, "Underflow");
if (balance < _amount) {
revert("Underflow");
}
balance -= _amount;
assert(balance <= oldBalance);
}
}