Hello World

Install Requirements

Rust

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

we are using: 1.79.0

➜  source_code git:(main) rustc --version
rustc 1.79.0 (129f3b996 2024-06-10)

Solana cli

# install solana
sh -c "$(curl -sSfL https://release.solana.com/stable/install)"

we are using: 1.18.18

➜  source_code git:(main) solana --version
solana-cli 1.18.18 (src:83047136; feat:4215500110, client:SolanaLabs)

Anchor

install anchor:


cargo install --git https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor avm --locked --force

avm install latest
avm use latest

we are using: 0.30.1

➜  source_code git:(main) anchor --version
anchor-cli 0.30.1

Create Project

anchor init day1 # use day_1 if you have a mac
cd day1

this command will create an default project:

day_1/src/lib.rs: where the smart contract code locates.
declare_id!: same concept to the address of solidity, but it's called program_id in solana. The id above is auto generated by framework, you can find it in Anchor.toml under the root directory level.
day_1: the name of this smarct contract (program)
Accounts: tx.origin in solidity.

please note: there is no constructorin solana program. the default func of initializeis automatically created by Anchorframework, it is just a common function, same as any arbitrary customized function: pub fn test1()

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;

declare_id!("9qfovSZQtZ3VkgCTiDDWuMCpkPyxt3HAcHh19MiX6pGU");

#[program]
pub mod day_1 {
    use super::*;

    pub fn initialize(_ctx: Context<Initialize>) -> Result<()> {
        // msg!("Greetings from: {:?}", _ctx.program_id);
        msg!("Hello, World!");
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Initialize {}

Config Solana network

to localhost

# shell 1
solana config set --url localhost

# output: 
Config File: /Users/duke/.config/solana/cli/config.yml
RPC URL: http://localhost:8899
WebSocket URL: ws://localhost:8900/ (computed)
Keypair Path: /Users/duke/.config/solana/id.json
Commitment: confirmed

Run validator node

# shell 2
solana-test-validator

this command would create a local folder to test-ledger, it would store all the simulating data, and if you run this command again, be sure to execute at the same level as this folder.

Sync up

# shell 1
anchor keys sync

# output
All program id declarations are synced.

Run Anchor Tests

# shell 1
anchor test --skip-local-validator

this command will build and deploy and execute the test scripts under tests, if you encounter this error below:

can try to execute the following command:

solana-install init 1.18.18

# 1.18.18 should equal to the error message: `solana-program v1.18.181`

check here to see the original topic.

solana is too new, chat-gpt won't help much sometimes, still needs to google online.

Create a new wallet

solana-keygen new -o /Users/duke/.config/solana/id.json

# output:
Wrote new keypair to /Users/duke/.config/solana/id.json
========================================================================
pubkey: HjU6xSZme7ER6Qhk841nczwXijBZ9e1GWLqdPxW6gS9w
========================================================================
Save this seed phrase and your BIP39 passphrase to recover your new keypair:
fix air journey asthma help pulse ankle jeans return fragile renew equal
========================================================================

Get Wallet address

solana-keygen pubkey ~/.config/solana/id.json

# output:
HjU6xSZme7ER6Qhk841nczwXijBZ9e1GWLqdPxW6gS9w

or by command:

solana address

# output:
HjU6xSZme7ER6Qhk841nczwXijBZ9e1GWLqdPxW6gS9w

Sol Airdrop

# solana airdrop 100 <Your Address>
solana airdrop 100 HjU6xSZme7ER6Qhk841nczwXijBZ9e1GWLqdPxW6gS9w

# output:
Requesting airdrop of 100 SOL

Signature: xTrkhn7tad5tMMS9dn3ZA12EtR5LsoLaUYrUjN8gjQZYMkBTs55LVGQS3dLuKbRmMoXoWLWiToY2ReQJwBcMZgc

100 SOL

Test Succeed

Key Takeaways

Cargo：rust package managem tool
Rustc：rust complier
Anchor：solana framework

01_Helloworld